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Ricordate quando eravate freschi di patente? Entrando in strada sudavate al pensiero dov’è la marcia, dov’è il freno, aiuto il semaforo. Uno sforzo cognitivo poi diventato automatico con l’esercizio. Ecco, una persona dislessica (o con gli altri tipi di disturbo di apprendimento) può passare tutta la vita come se fosse neo-patentato. E, magari, senza che gli altri la capiscano. Anzi, a volte, derisa e presa in giro o giudicata “stupida”. Pensate a come vi sentireste se vi trattassero così. E, allora, capirete l’importanza di una iniziativa come “Le Cronache di Nanarìa”, la prima serie italiana dedicata alla dislessia prodotta da Rai e Aurora tv, in onda da ieri tutti i giorni alle 14.10 e 19.10 su Rai Gulp e on demand su RaiPlay. Una serie teen (non un cartoon), delicata, leggera, brillante in cui la protagonista Arianna (Valentina Filippeschi) scopre solo in prima media di essere dislessica. Una diagnosi tardiva che l’ha sottoposta a grandi difficoltà alla scuola elementare e anche a episodi di bullismo. Ma che, grazie alla diagnosi, riesce a ottenere gli strumenti adeguati per studiare e per trasformare in punti di forza le difficoltà a leggere, comprendere il testo e scrivere. Attraverso un video-diario la ragazzina racconta il suo tragicomico ingresso alle medie e la scoperta di un altro grande aiuto: il teatro.
La serie gode del patrocinio di Aid (Associazione Italiana Dislessia) che svolge un’opera di sensibilizzazione sui disturbi di apprendimento: riguardano in Italia ben tre milioni di persone e quasi un alunno per ogni classe. Antonella Trentin ne è la vice presidente.
Antonella, quanto questa serie può essere di aiuto?
“Moltissimo, prima di tutto per far sapere cos’è la dislessia. Ancora oggi la conoscenza dell’argomento è scarsa, anche tra gli insegnanti. Si pensa ancora che siano scolari stupidi o svogliati. Invece sono ragazzi normali che vanno messi in condizione di esprimere le proprie capacità per evitare che si sentano dei falliti”.
Invece spesso si prova vergogna, rabbia, impotenza
“Infatti, la prima cosa che diciamo a bambini e ragazzi è: non provate vergogna, le vostre difficoltà si possono trasformare in punti di forza. Spesso sono più creativi, fantasiosi e brillanti dei loro coetanei. Pensate a Steven Spielberg che grande regista è diventato: ha cronometrato in quanto tempo legge una sceneggiatura, ma essendo così lento assicura di apprezzarla meglio”.
Sono persone che fin da piccole hanno dovuto affrontare la vita in maniera diversa dagli altri.
“Come se si trovassero di fronte a una strada sbarrata e dovessero trovare un modo per aggirare il muro. Si acquisiscono delle spiccate abilità, di “problem solving”, che possono dare delle marce in più nella vita e nella carriera scolastica e lavorativa”.
Ma prima di tutto devono affrontare la scuola, che a volte non è inclusiva.
“Purtroppo, nonostante la grande campagna di sensibilizzazione - abbiamo tenuto corsi d’aggiornamento praticamente in tutte le scuole d’Italia - stiamo tornando indietro. C’era stato un momento di grande entusiasmo e attenzione con l’approvazione della legge 170 del 2010, che si è trasformato in un processo di burocratizzazione. Si redigono i pdp (piani didattici personalizzati) come pro forma, senza un reale interesse da parte degli insegnanti di capire, di aiutare il singolo”. Ovviamente non dappertutto.
“Ci sono scuole - e all’interno della scuole, classi - molto avanzate. Altre meno. Ma, soprattutto, si lascia molto alle famiglie: chi ha gli strumenti economici e culturali segue i figli, gli altri no. Quindi è la scuola che deve fare la parte più importante. Dico agli insegnanti: abbiate curiosità, fame di imparare nuovi metodi, mettetevi in discussione”.
Un tipo di insegnamento che andrebbe a vantaggio di tutti i bambini, non solo del soggetto dislessico.
“Certo. L’importante è capire, comprendere o saper elaborare un testo o un’operazione matematica. Se il bambino si affatica a leggere, non riesce allo stesso tempo a capirne il significato. Dunque, se si è disortografici, basta usare un correttore automatico. Se si è discalculici, una calcolatrice. Se si è dislessici, i sintetizzatori vocali, le mappe concettuali, gli schemi. Tutti accorgimenti previsti dalla legge”.
All’università neppure se ne parla.
“E noi stiamo cercando di intervenire anche lì. Basta adottare gli strumenti a disposizione, ma bisogna superare molti pregiudizi”.
